5 Logical Fallacies To Avoid When Debating | The Odyssey Online
Start writing a post
Politics and Activism

5 Logical Fallacies To Avoid When Debating

5 common used logical fallacies that are used to win political arguments.

1101
5 Logical Fallacies To Avoid When Debating
ANL

Logical Fallacies to Avoid While Debating

1. Strawman Fallacy


A strawman is “a weak or imaginary opposition (as an argument or adversary) set up only to be easily confuted” as defined my Merriam-Webster.

This is a type of logical fallacy used in order to try and misrepresent a person, place, or thing to be much worse than it is in order to easily debunk it. The claims made about it are either baseless or exaggerated in order to purposely create a bad or unfavorable image.

An example would be “When John proposed we increase funding for education by lowering unnecessarily high funded sectors I was appalled! Who knew he hated the country so much he would be willing to cut military spending!”


2. Appeal To Emotions

This type of fallacy is defined by the Nizkor Project as “a logical fallacy characterized by the manipulation of the recipient's emotions in order to win an argument, especially in the absence of factual evidence.”

This is a commonly used method and while valid in some cases of persuasion should not be used to try and prove a political point. The way this works is instead of bringing up factual information or evidence to prove a point one uses an emotion invoking statement to try and play on the morals or ethics of another to win an argument.

An example would be “Ron really didn’t like eating chopped liver for dinner... but his mother told him to think of the poor hungry children in 3rd world countries who eat nothing for dinner.”


3. Slippery Slope

As defined by Merriam-Webster a slippery slope is “a course of action that seems to lead inevitably from one action or result to another with unintended consequences.”

This fallacy was hugely used during the debates of marriage equality. A slippery slope is used to try and derail a cause or standpoint by stating that some other bad or ridiculous thing will come to be because of it. This type of thinking is locked into an action A will always lead to action B and action B is a bad thing.

An example of this is “But if gays can marry then what’s next?! People marrying their dogs or cars?! Or maybe the acceptance of adult/child marriages?!”


4. Ad Hominem

Merriam-Webster defines this as “marked by or being an attack on an opponent's character rather than by an answer to the contentions made.”

We saw this used more times than we can count during the 2016 presidential race. This fallacy is used to try and attack the character of a person proving an argument rather than debating the argument itself. The point is to try and make someone look bad or untrustworthy so their arguments mean less by using past or present less-than-likable characteristics.

A great real world example of this is when Trumps character was attacked by using the 2005 Access Hollywood video to try and prove that he is against women and should not try and fight for them politically. I know this is a highly controversial topic but none-the-less it is an ad hominem and should not be used to try and undermine Trump’s political arguments or positions.


5. Loaded Questions

The definition of a loaded question is “the rhetorical trick of asking a question that cannot be answered without admitting a presupposition that may be false” as defined by Dictionary.com.

This is a much subtler logical fallacy in which the point is to try and trap a person into answering a question that has no good answer. Either way you answer the question it will be looked at in an ill light and usually the only way out of it is to make your own option C, ignore the question, or point it out for what it is… loaded.

A real world example of this is when co-host Savannah Guthrie of “Today” was interviewing then governor Mike Pence about his debate performance against Tim Kaine and stated that he spent a lot of time denying things Trump actually said. She showed a 26 second clip of a Clinton attack ad showing this and then asked him “was it the wrong approach to deny statements that you know are on video and on audio, are going to come right back to bite you the next day?” The full article can be found on MRC’s website if you’re interested in the “Option C” Pence had to use.

Report this Content
This article has not been reviewed by Odyssey HQ and solely reflects the ideas and opinions of the creator.
Taylor Swift in orange dress playing a moss-covered piano on stage with bright lights.

A three-and-a-half-hour runtime. Nine Eras. Eleven outfit changes. Three surprise songs. Zero breaks. One unforgettable evening. In the past century, no other performer has put on an electric performance quite like Taylor Swift, surpassing her fans ‘wildest dreams’. It is the reason supporters keep coming back to her shows each year. Days later, I’m still in awe of the spectacle ‘Miss Americana’ puts on every few days in a new city. And, like one of Taylor’s exes, has me smiling as I reminisce about the memories of the night we spent together.

Keep Reading...Show less
Student Life

A Few Thoughts Every College Freshman Has

The transition into adulthood is never easy

23797
Mays Island
Courtney Jones

Today I started my third week of college at Minnesota State Moorhead. I have survived welcome week, finding my classes on the first day, and being an awkward loner in the dining hall. Even though I have yet to be here for a month, I have already experienced many thoughts and problems that only a new college student can relate to.

Keep Reading...Show less
Students walking on a sunny college campus with trees and buildings.

"Make sure to get involved when you're in college!"

We've all heard some variation of this phrase, whether it came from parents, other family members, friends, RAs, or college-related articles. And, like many clichés, it's true for the most part. Getting involved during your college years can help you make friends, build your resume, and feel connected to your campus. However, these commitments can get stressful if you're dealing with personal issues, need to work, or aren't sure how to balance classes and everything else going on during the semester.

Keep Reading...Show less
Relationships

9 Reasons Why Friends Are Essential In College

College without friends is like peanut butter without jelly.

9941
Bridgaline Liberati and friends
Bridgaline Liberati

In college, one of the essential things to have is friends. Yes, textbooks, a laptop, and other school supplies are important but friends are essential. Friends are that support system everybody needs. The more friends you have the better the support system you have. But you also have someone to share experiences with. And don’t settle for just one or two friends because 8 out of 10 times they are busy and you are studying all alone. Or they have other friend groups that do not include you. Don’t settle for just one or two friends; make as many friends as you can. After the first couple of weeks of college, most friend groups are set and you may be without friends.

Keep Reading...Show less
Lifestyle

The Power of Dressing Up

Why it pays to leave the hoodie at home.

7203
sneakers and heels
Sister | Brother Style - Word Press

For a moment your world is spinning. The phone alarm has just scared you awake and you’re flooded by daunting thoughts of the day ahead. You have three assignments due and little time to work on them because of your job. You’re running late because you’ve hit snooze one to many times after yesterday’s long hours. You dizzily reach for a hoodie, craving its comfort, and rush for a speedy exit, praying you will have time to pick up coffee. Does this sound familiar?

Keep Reading...Show less

Subscribe to Our Newsletter

Facebook Comments