Halloween: A History | The Odyssey Online
Start writing a post
Lifestyle

Halloween: A History

Druids, Catholics, and Sugar Skulls

20
Halloween: A History
Torrent Butler

Ever wonder why we celebrate Halloween? A whole day devoted to candy, costumes, and scary movies seems too good to be true, and yet every year in October, Americans spend hours decorating and finding a costume. The yearly estimate for money spent on halloween candy alone is $2 billion, making it a huge commercial success.

But where did this celebration come from? Grab your time machine, and buckle in for a whirl through the history of Halloween.

Samhain

Welcome to 10th century Ireland. This is a world of Druids, ghosts, and the underworld, a world before Christianity. It is a world of superstition. Samhain marked the end of the Celtic year, when the sun begins to weaken and darkness gets stronger. It was a harvest festival, a time to gather food for the upcoming winter. It was also the feast of the dead.

The ghosts of the Celtic world were wanderers, strongest during the feast of Samhain, because of the precarious balance between the light and dark on that night. Bonfires, known as Winter Fires, which symbolized the strength of the sun and the victory of light, were lit to guide family ancestors home, to warm themselves by the fire, and eat food offerings. This ensured that the spirits would be benign, although not necessarily pleasant. To withhold offerings would ensure bad luck to the household, as unappeased spirits were unpredictable and cranky, more likely to curse a family.

All Saint’s Day and All Hallow’s Eve

Ultimately, Christianity found its way into the world of the Druids. The pagan feast of Samhain horrified Christians, but it was recognized that the feast was too central to the people’s lives to be removed. Instead, it was tweaked (similarly to Christmas, but more on that another week) and morphed from a Celtic harvest feast into a Christian celebration of the dead. The celebration was actually on November 1st, and was called All Saint’s Day, as a remembrance for the dead, who were known as “saints” in the church. This fell on the same day as Samhain, making for an easy transition from the religion of the Celts to Christianity.

In those days, most major Christian feasts had some sort of vigil on the day or days before it. All Hallow’s Eve, October 31, became the day for reflecting on and honoring the dead, and praying for recently departed souls. It was customary to make and give out “soul cakes” to people knocking door to door in exchange for prayers for the recently dead. It is thought that the tradition of trick or treat comes from that. It also became a custom to light candles in windows or burn bonfires to guide the dead back to visit their earthy homes.

Sometime later, churches began to warn people of the danse macabre which took place when the dead rose from their graves on All Hallow’s Eve. It has been suggested by historians that people took part in pageants depicting this, which would have included dressing in costume as corpses and other manners of death. This may have been where modern dressing up came from.

El Día de los Muertos and the Festival of Hungry Ghosts

In other parts of the world, cultures celebrated the dead with certain festivals and feasts, just how the Druids of Ireland celebrated the bridge between worlds in the 10th century, and later the Christians adopted All Saint’s Day.

In Mexico, El Día de los Muertos, or Day of the Dead, is a huge festival celebrated on November 1st and 2nd. It is believed that the souls of dead loved ones come back from the grave to visit and bless their family on these two days. On November 2nd, the festival is taken to the cemetery, where the grave is swept, many special foods are eaten, and the family reminisces about their dead relatives. A common symbol of Día de los Muertos is the sugar skull, found at many small shops and markets, and depicting beautiful colorful patterns on delicate sugar skulls.

On the other side of the world, the Chinese celebrate the Festival of Hungry Ghosts, during the seventh month of the Chinese lunar calendar. This stems from Daoist and Buddhist religious traditions involving the feeding and care of ghosts, specifically family ancestors and wandering spirits. Offerings to the ancestors include food, alcohol, money, and paper goods to be burnt and sent into the next life for ancestral use. Meals are served and plays are performed, with empty chairs for the ancestors. Wandering ghosts are treated much more cautiously, however. Their food offerings are put at the backdoor of homes, because inviting in random spirits can cause bad luck. And, as with Día de los Muertos, there is a grave cleaning ceremony, in which ancestors are honored with a cleaned grave, and family members come back together to celebrate their ancestry.

So how does all this relate to modern Halloween?

Halloween today is nothing but a modern extension of what the Druids were already doing a thousand years ago, except we no longer believe in ghosts. The draw of Halloween, the reason that it’s still going strong today after hundreds of years, is that people have always been fascinated with death, and Halloween is the one day a year that the line between the living and the dead is blurred. Even if superstition has waned into nothing but tall tales and legends, and ghosts are found more often on the silver screen than in your living room, humans still question death and the afterlife.

Truthfully, Halloween today is a day more for children and fun than for hungry ghosts and bonfires. However, it is the rich history of the holiday that gives it its lasting power. And while we may no longer fear our ancestor’s wrath, Halloween will always be a day to celebrate the dead, in one form or another.

Report this Content
This article has not been reviewed by Odyssey HQ and solely reflects the ideas and opinions of the creator.
Entertainment

15 Times Michael Scott's Life Was Worse Than Your Life

Because have you ever had to endure grilling your foot on a George Foreman?

2244
Michael Scott
NBC

Most of the time, the world's (self-proclaimed) greatest boss is just that, the greatest. I mean, come on, he's Michael Freakin' Scott after all! But every once in a while, his life hits a bit of a speed bump. (or he actually hits Meredith...) So if you personally are struggling through a hard time, you know what they say: misery loves company! Here are 15 times Michael Scott's life was worse than your life:

Keep Reading...Show less
Featured

12 Midnight NYE: Fun Ideas!

This isn't just for the single Pringles out there either, folks

16858
Friends celebrating the New Years!
StableDiffusion

When the clock strikes twelve midnight on New Year's Eve, do you ever find yourself lost regarding what to do during that big moment? It's a very important moment. It is the first moment of the New Year, doesn't it seem like you should be doing something grand, something meaningful, something spontaneous? Sure, many decide to spend the moment on the lips of another, but what good is that? Take a look at these other suggestions on how to ring in the New Year that are much more spectacular and exciting than a simple little kiss.

Keep Reading...Show less
piano
Digital Trends

I am very serious about the Christmas season. It's one of my favorite things, and I love it all from gift-giving to baking to the decorations, but I especially love Christmas music. Here are 11 songs you should consider adding to your Christmas playlists.

Keep Reading...Show less
campus
CampusExplorer

New year, new semester, not the same old thing. This semester will be a semester to redeem all the mistakes made in the previous five months.

1. I will wake up (sorta) on time for class.

Let's face it, last semester you woke up with enough time to brush your teeth and get to class and even then you were about 10 minutes late and rollin' in with some pretty unfortunate bed head. This semester we will set our alarms, wake up with time to get ready, and get to class on time!

Keep Reading...Show less
Student Life

The 5 Painfully True Stages Of Camping Out At The Library

For those long nights that turn into mornings when the struggle is real.

3597
woman reading a book while sitting on black leather 3-seat couch
Photo by Seven Shooter on Unsplash

And so it begins.

1. Walk in motivated and ready to rock

Camping out at the library is not for the faint of heart. You need to go in as a warrior. You usually have brought supplies (laptop, chargers, and textbooks) and sustenance (water, snacks, and blanket/sweatpants) since the battle will be for an undetermined length of time. Perhaps it is one assignment or perhaps it's four. You are motivated and prepared; you don’t doubt the assignment(s) will take time, but you know it couldn’t be that long.

Keep Reading...Show less

Subscribe to Our Newsletter

Facebook Comments