Prostate cancer is the second most common cancer among men in the United States, second only to skin cancer. According to the American Cancer Society, approximately 1 in 9 men will be diagnosed with prostate cancer in their lifetime. If you are over the age of 50 or have a family history of prostate cancer, it is important to be aware of the potential risk and take proactive steps to detect and treat the disease. Here are five things to know when it comes to testing for prostate cancer:

PSA Testing is the Most Common Test

The most common method of prostate cancer testing is the prostate-specific antigen (PSA) blood test. This test measures the level of PSA in a man's blood, which is produced by the prostate gland. The higher the PSA level, the more likely it is that prostate cancer may be present. However, it is important to note that an elevated PSA level does not necessarily mean that a man has prostate cancer. There are many factors that can cause an increase in PSA, such as an enlarged prostate or an infection.

Digital Rectal Exam (DRE) is Also Used

In addition to the PSA test, a digital rectal exam (DRE) may also be used to detect prostate cancer. During a DRE, a doctor or nurse inserts a gloved, lubricated finger into the rectum to feel for any abnormalities in the prostate gland. While this test may not be as reliable as the PSA test, it can be useful in detecting cancer in men who have normal PSA levels.

There is Some Controversy Over PSA Testing

Despite being the most common test for prostate cancer, there is some controversy over the use of PSA testing. Some experts argue that the PSA test can lead to overdiagnosis and overtreatment of prostate cancer, as many men with elevated PSA levels do not have cancer or have a type of cancer that is slow-growing and may not require treatment. Others argue that the PSA test is a valuable tool for detecting prostate cancer early, when it is most treatable.

Additional Testing May be Required

If a man has an elevated PSA level or an abnormal DRE, further testing may be required to confirm or rule out a prostate cancer diagnosis. This may include a prostate biopsy, in which a small sample of tissue is removed from the prostate gland and examined under a microscope. Imaging tests such as an MRI or CT scan may also be used to help detect and stage prostate cancer.

Prostate Cancer Treatment May Depend on the Type of Cancer

There are several types of prostate cancer, each with different characteristics and treatment options. For example, some prostate cancers are slow-growing and may not require treatment, while others may be more aggressive and require immediate treatment. Treatment options for prostate cancer may include surgery, radiation therapy, hormonal therapy, or watchful waiting.

In conclusion, testing for prostate cancer is an important step for men over the age of 50 or with a family history of prostate cancer. While the PSA test is the most common method of testing, additional testing such as a DRE or biopsy may be required to confirm or rule out a diagnosis. Treatment options for prostate cancer may vary depending on the type and aggressiveness of the cancer. It is important for men to discuss their prostate cancer risk and testing options with their healthcare provider.